The origin of Urdu literature dates back to the 13th century in India during the Mughal role. One of the most eminent poets who made usage of Urdu in his poetry is Amir Khusro who can be called the father of Urdu Language. In literature the Urdu was usually used alongside Persian. Mughal kings were the great patrons of art and literature and it was under their rule that Urdu language reached its zenith. There used to be a tradition of ‘Sheri Mehfils’ in the kings’ courts.
Abul Fazal Faizi and Abdul Rahim Khankhana were the famous Urdu poets of Mughal court. Many other big poets of Urdu language are Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal, Hakim Momin, Ibrahim Zauq, Mir Taqi Mir, Sauda, Ibn-e-Insha and Faiz Ahmed Faiz have contributed to the evolution of Urdu language through their literary works.
It is indeed right that Hindi and Urdu are descendents of the same language i.e. Prakrit, but where the Hindi took influence from Sanskrit and adopted Devanagri script of writing, Urdu absorbed words from Persian, Turkish and Arabic languages and adopted Persian-Arabic script and Nastaliq calligraphic style of writing and emerged as a separate language. There are marked grammatical and phonological differences in both languages.
Urdu was chosen to become the national language of Pakistan at the time of Independence from British. Urdu is now the national language of Pakistan, spoken and understood thoroughly by the majority of the population.
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